| 翻訳と辞書 |
Ueno Hikoma
was a pioneer Japanese photographer, born in Nagasaki. He is noted for his fine portraits, often of important Japanese and foreign figures, and for his excellent landscapes, particularly of Nagasaki and its surroundings. Ueno was a major figure in nineteenth-century Japanese photography as a commercially and artistically successful photographer and as an instructor.
==Background, youth, and preparation==
Ueno Hikoma's family background perhaps provided an early impetus for his eventual career.〔Much of this biography derives from material by Kinoshita Naoyuki and Luisa Orto in Tucker et al., ''The History of Japanese Photography,'' pp. 20–21, 366.〕 A number of family members had been portrait painters. Furthermore, he was the son of Ueno Toshinojō (also known as Ueno Shunnojō) (1790–1851), a merchant in the employ of the Shimazu clan who in 1848 imported possibly the first camera in the country, a daguerreotype camera for the Shimazu daimyō, Nariakira.〔Ueno Toshinojō was thought until recently to have been the first person to take a daguerreotype in Japan, in 1841.〕
Ueno Hikoma first studied Chinese classics; then in 1852, not long after his father's death, he entered the Nagasaki Medical College with a view to studying chemistry in order to help him run the family business, dealing in nitre and chintz dyeing. He eventually studied chemistry under the Dutch naval medical officer Johannes L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort (1829–1908) after the latter's arrival in 1857.〔Himeno, p. 23.〕 Pompe van Meerdervoort, who had a camera and photography manual though little experience as a photographer, also instructed Ueno Hikoma in photography.〔Bennett (1996), p. 49.〕
It was only after his contact with Swiss photographer Pierre Rossier (1829 – ca. 1890) that Ueno decided to pursue a career as a photographer. Rossier had been commissioned by the firm Negretti and Zambra to photograph in Asia and he worked in Japan from 1859 to 1860. He was only in Nagasaki for a short time, but while there he taught wet-collodion process photography to Ueno, Horie Kuwajirō (1831–1866), Maeda Genzō (1831–1906) and others. Soon after, Ueno's friend Horie bought a wet-plate camera. The purchase, which included photographic chemicals, was funded by the daimyō of Tsu Domain, Tōdō Takayuki, and the price was 150 ryō. Apparently the photographic equipment was of such interest to Ueno that he chose to become a subject of the Tsu Domain in order to have access to it at the domainal residence in Edo. 〔Himeno, p. 22.〕 and in 1861 Horie photographed Ueno at work in the domain's laboratory in Edo (now Tokyo).〔Himeno, p. 24.〕 In 1862 Ueno and Horie co-wrote a textbook titled ''Shamitsu kyoku hikkei'' that comprised translated extracts from ten Dutch science manuals and which included an appendix titled ''Satsueijutsu'' (Technique of Photography ) that described techniques of collodion process photography as well as Nicéphore Niépce's asphalt printing method.〔The appendix also provided the first published account in Japan of lithographic printing. Himeno, p. 24. Bennett gives the transliterated title of the book as ''Seimikyoku Hikkei'', "A Handbook to Science". Bennett (1996), p. 49; Bennett, ''The Search for Rossier''.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Ueno Hikoma」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|